Marine ecosystems are quickly worsening as a result of overexploitation, pollution, and damaging fishing methods. This loss of habitat has profound consequences for biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods. In India, the impact of these challenges is exacerbated by jurisdictional overlaps, ineffective enforcement mechanisms, and out-dated regulatory frameworks. This study critically examines India's existing legislative framework for marine environmental protection and fisheries control, with a focus on the Indian Marine Fishing control Act of 1980 and other relevant environmental laws. This study coins a viewpoint on the increasing pressures India is facing with regard to its coastal and marine resources, where trans-boundary conflicts, such as those that reoccur between Indian fishermen and the Sri Lankan Navy, add seriousness to what is indeed an urgent discourse considering legal and policy reform. The international compatison of coastal and marine ecosystem control reveals the most effective global methods, as well as new fishing tactics that set the standard for sustainability and economic output. Thus, the current article examines the disparities between central and state regulations, as well as the implementation obstacles, which can be as severe as a lack of inter-agency collaboration or limited resources. The enormous gaps between law provisions and ground reality are subsequently determined. The study concludes with recommendations on how to improve regulatory enforcement, implement sustainable fishing practices, and implement a comprehensive governance strategy for marine biodiversity conservation. The study would contribute to the discussion over maritime law reform and the long-term growth of India's blue industry.
