Forensic Science in Indian Criminal Law: Legislative Provisions, Legal Implications and Suggestions for Reforms

Forensic science has become an essential part of the criminal justice system in India. It plays a major role in investigation, prosecution, and court decisions by providing scientific support to criminal cases. This paper aims to study how forensic science functions within Indian criminal law, with special reference to the Indian Evidence Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure. It also discusses how expert opinions are recognized by law and their admissibility. The paper also highlights major challenges in the current forensic system, such as insufficient laboratory infrastructure, delays in forensic reports, absence of uniform standards, lack of proper training for police and judges, and concerns about privacy and data protection. It discusses how technological developments are changing the field of forensic science and emphasizes the importance of forensic in disposal of a cases will some landmark judgements. Finally, it suggests reforms such as strengthening legal provisions related to forensic procedures, improving laboratory facilities, introducing mandatory accreditation standards, ensuring proper handling and documentation of evidence, adopting modern scientific techniques etc.