Punishment: Critical Criminal Law Analysis

This paper critically examines India’s criminal justice system—its historical roots, philosophical foundations, evolution, current challenges, and public perceptions. It explores the influence of ancient texts and thinkers on modern law, highlights systemic issues like prison overcrowding, and uses questionnaire survey data to reveal the sociocultural context of punishment. By linking history with present realities, the study aims to inform reforms for a more just and humane legal system.