Abstract

Particularly in the framework of public international law, this article investigates the changing function of international courts and tribunals in the peaceful settlement of India's international conflicts. It critically looks at India's involvement and reaction to rulings made by international adjudicatory organisations as the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Examining how these processes have influenced India's legal techniques and diplomatic approaches, the study investigates significant instances like the Kulbhushan Jadhav case, the Indus Waters Treaty conflict, and the maritime delimitation with Bangladesh. The paper underlines India's careful but slowly growing dependence on judicial conflict settlement, offset by its historical preference for bilateral and diplomatic interactions. It also looks at procedural frameworks, jurisdictional issues, and how international decisions affect India's sovereign interests and compliance behaviour. While pointing out shortcomings such enforcement gaps and political opposition, the article emphasises the need of rule-based conflict resolution in promoting international peace by means of doctrinal research and case law study. The results support not only the strengthening of world legal order but also the protection of national interests within a multilateral framework by India with international legal forums by more active and consistent participation. This paper adds to the conversation on global governance and underlines the need of legal diplomacy in modern international relations.

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