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Research Paper Volume 9 Issue 2 4112 - 4124 May 10, 2026

The Dark Side of Digitalisation: One-Click Traps, UPI Scams, and Fiduciary Abuse in India

Lead author · Corresponding
Kanaklata Rampuriya
Student at Amity University Chhattisgarh, India
Co-author
Dr. Pratima Choubey
Assistant Professor at Amity University Chhattisgarh, India
View PDF Full text DOIhttps://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.1111987
Abstract

India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI), while revolutionising digital financial transactions, has simultaneously enabled a sophisticated ecosystem of cyber-enabled financial fraud. This paper examines "one-click" UPI fraud encompassing digital arrest scams, vishing attacks, and malware-assisted transfers as a qualitatively distinct category of financial crime that exploits manufactured psychological coercion rather than mere technical vulnerabilities. Through doctrinal legal analysis and judicial review, the paper argues that existing frameworks under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, RBI customer liability guidelines, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, while substantively improved, remain structurally inadequate to address the fiduciary and evidentiary dimensions of modern UPI fraud. Drawing on K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India and evolving consumer banking jurisprudence, the paper develops a fiduciary duty framework that repositions financial intermediaries as primary bearers of fraud-prevention responsibility. It further identifies critical regulatory gaps including the absence of Digital Trust Certification standards, inter-agency coordination failures, and the chronic underutilisation of the "golden hour" intervention window and proposes targeted legislative and institutional reforms to address them.

Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, Volume 9, Issue 2, Page 4112 - 4124
DOI: https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.1111987
Creative Commons
CC BY-NC 4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting, and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Copyright © IJLMH 2026
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The views and opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the author(s) alone and do not reflect the views, policies, or position of the Journal.

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