Abstract

This research explores the evolving intersection of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in protecting vulnerable groups during armed conflicts. Examining IHL's historical development and core principles, the study analyzes its efficacy in safeguarding refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), persons with disabilities, women, and children. It critiques existing IHL frameworks, highlighting their limitations in addressing the unique vulnerabilities of these groups and advocating for stronger protections, particularly integrating the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The research also investigates the increasing use of AI in warfare, exploring its potential benefits and risks for vulnerable populations. Analyzing real-world examples like the Ukraine-Russia war and the Israel-Palestine conflict demonstrates how AI can enhance protection (through monitoring, early warning systems, and humanitarian aid delivery) and exacerbate harm (through autonomous weapons systems and biased algorithms). The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for robust legal and ethical frameworks governing AI in conflict to ensure IHL's continued relevance and effectiveness in protecting those most at risk. It also suggests further research to address the complex interplay of AI, IHL, and human rights law.

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