Abstract

This paper provides a comparative analysis of responsible mining laws and policies in India and Canada, two leading mineral-producing nations. Responsible mining, defined as mining practices that respect human rights, protect the environment, and contribute to economic development, is crucial in mitigating the adverse social and environmental impacts of mining activities. The study examines the legal frameworks in both countries; highlighting India’s comprehensive but often inadequately enforced mining laws, which prioritize sustainability over responsibility. In contrast, Canada is lauded for its effective implementation of responsible mining practices, driven by stringent regulations, transparency measures, and initiatives like the Towards Sustainable Mining (TSM) framework. The paper argues that while India has made strides in sustainable mining, it can learn from Canada’s transparency and enforcement strategies. Conversely, Canada could enhance its approach by extending mandatory social services to all mining-affected communities, not just indigenous groups. The paper concludes that both nations have room for improvement and emphasizes the need for robust legal enforcement and genuine corporate responsibility to achieve truly responsible mining practices.

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