Worker Protections in the Gig Economy Challenges for Indian Labour Law

The rapid expansion of the gig economy in India has significantly altered the labor landscape, offering flexibility to workers but simultaneously exposing them to precarious working conditions. This study explores the legal challenges faced by gig workers, who engage in temporary, project-based employment through digital platforms. Unlike traditional employees, gig workers lack essential protections such as job security, social benefits, and fixed working hours. Indian labor laws, primarily designed for formal employment, fail to address the unique nature of gig work, leaving workers vulnerable to exploitation. This research critically examines the gap in India’s existing legal framework and evaluates the adequacy of social security provisions under the Code on Social Security, 2020. The paper highlights the need for reforms to protect gig workers' rights while ensuring the continued growth of the gig economy. The study also draws on global best practices, including models from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, suggesting that India can implement similar frameworks to improve gig workers’ access to welfare benefits, fair wages and dispute resolution mechanisms. It concludes with a call for comprehensive legal reform, including clear policies on compensation, health insurance and career development for gig workers, to ensure their inclusion in India's evolving workforce.