Abstract

Prostitution in India is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by historical, cultural, economic, and legal factors. Despite legal prohibitions, prostitution persists as a significant social issue in India, driven by poverty, lack of education, and human trafficking. The legal framework, based primarily on the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, of 1956, criminalizes many aspects of sex work, leading to marginalization and exploitation of sex workers. However, the laws also contain ambiguities that allow the industry to operate in a gray area, often leading to human rights violations. The study delves into the socio-economic conditions that propel individuals into prostitution, including gender inequality, limited economic opportunities, and the impact of rural-urban migration. It also addresses the role of organized crime and trafficking networks that exploit vulnerable populations, particularly women and children. This paper examines the current state of prostitution in India, exploring the various dimensions that shape its existence and the implications for those involved. Furthermore, the paper discusses the public health implications of prostitution, with a focus on the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the challenges in providing adequate healthcare and support se rvices to sex workers. The intersection of prostitution with issues such as drug abuse, violence, and mental health is also explored. The study concludes by advocating for policy reforms that decriminalize sex work and promote harm reduction strategies. It calls for a shift towards a more empathetic and pragmatic approach, recognizing the complex realities of prostitution in India and aiming to protect human rights and improve the quality of life of sex workers.

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