Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the judicial systems in India and the United Kingdom, focusing on their historical development, structural organization, and functional operations. The UK's judicial system, deeply rooted in common law traditions, has significantly influenced the judiciary in India, a legacy from the British colonial era. Despite this shared heritage, the two systems have diverged considerably since India's independence in 1947. This study explores key differences and similarities in judicial hierarchy, appointment processes, legal procedures, and the role of judicial review. Through an examination of landmark cases and judicial reforms, the article identifies how each system addresses issues such as access to justice, judicial independence, and accountability. It also delves into the sociopolitical contexts that shape judicial decisions and the implementation of the rule of law. By highlighting the unique challenges and strengths of both systems, the comparative evaluation provides insights into their effectiveness in handling contemporary legal issues, safeguarding human rights, and promoting social justice. This analysis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the adaptability and resilience of judicial mechanisms in different legal and cultural environments, offering potential lessons for judicial reforms globally.

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