This paper discusses the sensitive matter of the protection of women and children during armed conflict, from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Even though the building blocks of IHL were established to soften the suffering wrought by war, these categories of vulnerable people are still disproportionately affected. The research delves into the particular vulnerabilities of women and children, examines relevant provisions in IHL instruments, and addresses issues of compliance and accountability. Through an analysis of seminal international legal frameworks and exemplar case studies, this paper brings to the fore the imperative need for more effective implementation and enforcement mechanisms to protect the rights and welfare of women and children in conflict-affected situations.
