Impact of Vitriolage on the Right to Livelihood of Victims in India: A Socio-Legal Analysis

Vitriolage, commonly referred to as acid attack, represents one of the most brutal forms of violence, resulting in severe physical disfigurement and long-term socio-economic marginalisation of victims. Among its most devastating consequences is the deprivation of the right to livelihood, which has been recognised as an integral component of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. This article undertakes a comprehensive socio-legal analysis of the impact of acid attacks on the livelihood of victims in India. It examines constitutional jurisprudence, statutory frameworks, judicial interventions, and empirical data to highlight the structural barriers faced by survivors in accessing employment. The study argues that despite progressive judicial recognition and legislative measures, systemic gaps in implementation, social stigma, and inadequate rehabilitation mechanisms continue to undermine the effective realisation of livelihood rights. The article concludes by advocating for a holistic, rights-based approach that integrates legal remedies with socio-economic empowerment measures.