Abstract

Human trafficking remains a significant and multifaceted challenge in India, with deep-rooted historical, social, and economic factors contributing to its persistence. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the issue, examining its historical context, current trends, legal framework, government response, and challenges. India's history of human trafficking dates back centuries, including the transatlantic slave trade, internal slavery, and colonial-era exploitation. Marginalized communities, including lower castes, tribal groups, and women and children, have been particularly vulnerable to trafficking throughout history. In modern times, human trafficking in India has evolved to encompass various forms of exploitation, including sexual exploitation, forced labour, domestic servitude, organ trade, and child marriage. Trafficking networks have become increasingly sophisticated, taking advantage of economic disparities, lack of education, and social discrimination. Legal Framework: India has enacted several laws to address human trafficking, including the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA), the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012. However, enforcement of these laws faces challenges, and gaps remain in protection and support for victims.

Keywords