How Technology Innovations Contribute to Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in India: A Comprehensive Analysis of Their Impact and Potential for Advancement

This article examines the critical role of technological innovations in India’s march towards the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through an analysis of enabling policy, concrete forms of innovation and case studies in different sectors, the article highlights how technology can overcome challenges of climate change, resource depletion and inclusion. It demonstrates that India has taken major strides in sectors such as renewable energy, digital health, smart agriculture that are underpinned by policy reforms like National Action Plan on Climate Change and Digital India. Drawing on a rich body of empirical research, it also highlights the significant challenges ahead, including the digital divide and the environmental impacts of technologies, and tries to map out reforms within the legal and policy domains to harness technologies to its fullest potential as instruments of sustainable development. Through this assessment of coevolution of technology and sustainable development in India, the article provides nuanced insights into the challenges that lay ahead for technological innovations worldwide.