Critical Analysis of the Efficacy and Challenges of International Legal Frameworks in Regulating Nuclear Energy: A Comparative Study of Treaties and Agreements

The paper employs a comparative research methodology that focuses on important treaties and accords to undertake a thorough analysis of the shortcomings and strengths of international legal frameworks governing nuclear energy. Because nuclear energy is transboundary, there is a need for strong international regulation, which necessitates collaborative efforts to guarantee its responsible and peaceful use. The research focuses on the goals, procedures, and enforcement strategies of the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) and the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Various important accords such as the treaty on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are also included in a comparative analysis. The study highlights areas that might want improvement by analysing the instruments' respective advantages, disadvantages, and similarities. The research reveals the development of international collaboration in this crucial area within the historical framework of international nuclear control. Examining issues including non-compliance and enforcement strategies, the study highlights the shortcomings of existing frameworks. In order to strengthen existing frameworks and prepare them for changing technological environments, the report ends with several recommendations. existing include expanded involvement and improved verification methods. Through the consolidation of these observations, the research adds to the current conversation about improving international legal frameworks that oversee nuclear energy, highlighting the necessity of cooperative endeavours in managing the intricacies linked to its worldwide application.