India's drug policy under the NDPS Act, 1985, balances strict enforcement against traffickers with rehabilitative measures for addicts. The legal framework evolved from the British-era Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930, to the proactive NDPS Act, 1985 integrates deterrence, public awareness, and rehabilitation efforts. Key provisions like Sections 39 and 64A allow probation and immunity, respectively, for addicts seeking de-addiction treatment, distinguishing punitive measures from rehabilitative approaches. Institutional support from the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment drives rehabilitation programs such as Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan. Despite these, challenges persist, including societal stigma, inadequate infrastructure, etc. The article advocates a balanced approach that strengthens rehabilitation while maintaining effective deterrence against illicit drug trade.
