Abstract

Child abuse remains a deeply rooted and underreported issue in India, affecting millions of children across both urban and rural landscapes. This abuse, which can be physical, emotional, sexual, or through neglect, causes lasting harm to a child’s overall development. Despite legislative advancements, including the enactment of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act, 2012, social stigma, fear, and lack of awareness hinder the reporting and redressal of such crimes. The POCSO Act offers a structured legal framework that classifies various forms of sexual abuse and mandates child-friendly procedures during investigation and trial. However, its effective implementation is often challenged by delayed justice, insufficient support systems, and social silence around the subject. Recent legal reforms, such as the introduction of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), aim to address these gaps by prescribing stricter penalties and speeding up legal processes. This paper explores the prevalence, causes, and consequences of child abuse in India while critically evaluating the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks. It emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement mechanisms, societal sensitization, and collaborative efforts across institutions to ensure that every child in India is protected, empowered, and given the right to a safe and nurturing environment.

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