Caste Discrimination in Indian Prisons: A Critical Analysis with special reference to Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India

This paper examines the issue of caste-based discrimination within India's prison system, focusing on the legal, constitutional, and ethical concerns that perpetuate such practices. Despite the abolition of Untouchability and the constitutional guarantee of equality, caste discrimination continues to persist in various forms, including the segregation of prisoners, caste-based assignments of labor, and the use of caste labels. Through the lens of the case Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India, this paper highlights the systemic challenges that hinder the eradication of caste-based bias in prisons. It explores the constitutional framework, including Articles 14, 15, 17, and 21, which mandate equality and human dignity for all citizens, including prisoners. The paper further analyzes the limitations of existing legislation, such as the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and examines the role of judicial intervention in addressing these injustices. Finally, it outlines several key recommendations for reform, such as the updating of the Model Prison Manual, sensitization training for prison staff, strengthening grievance redressal mechanisms, and increasing judicial oversight to ensure that India's prisons comply with constitutional principles and uphold the dignity of all inmates.