Abstract

A famous author and economist, Adam Smith, once said, ‘The wealth of nations is not measured by the gold and silver in their coffers, but by the goods and services they produce.’ Tariffs have become a powerful catalyst in international trade with protectionism and economic disruption influencing the wealth of nations. This article aims at the present trends and tariff implications, focusing on issues such as how tariffs support local industries on one end while causing havoc within global supply chains on another. U.S.-China trade war displays a real case on how the distribution of tariffs diversifies trade and inflames geopolitical tensions. For example, it benefits countries like Vietnam due to a realignment of trade flows and has created problems for other areas of the economy, particularly electronics and seafood. In particular, the U.S. imposed tariff on the imports from China by 10% up to 25% for importing goods from Canada and Mexico along with an even coverage 25% tariff on steel and aluminium items. These measures are not likely to draw, beyond the stated ends of trade balance in growing manufacturing, much influence towards overall escalation in tensions or instability across the globe. Overall, world trade reached US$33 trillion in 2024, mainly induced with a 9% increase in services. In contrast, this suffered a severe momentum slowdown in the last half of the year, especially among the developed economies. With regard to India, the newly imposed tariffs in the U.S. seem to pose grave threats to export sectors, particularly electronics and gold. Still, the country is looking to have robust growth performance in terms of economic numbers, showing its resilience in handling complex trade issues. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for businesses and policymakers to adopt new paradigms along which emerging economies will evolve with time, and in this regard, strategic thinking such as diversification of supply chains and increased diplomacy is useful.

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