Science and technology, like law, are ever dynamic, and their integration in the realm of forensic science has become indispensable. Technological advancements help in reaching higher standards of forensic investigation and speeding up the entire process while also making it more efficient. However, the application and acceptance of these new forensic technologies has been inconsistent and underdeveloped in India. Despite legislative reforms and the introduction of the new criminal laws, the practical implementation faces significant roadblocks.
This paper examines the intersection of science, technology, and forensic evidence in light of the Indian legal framework, along with a focus on the ethical dilemmas and challenges that arise. It critically analyses the implications of integrating Artificial Intelligence and other emerging technologies in forensic procedures so as to address concerns related to data integrity, privacy, and algorithmic bias. Drawing comparisons with established forensic practices in jurisdictions such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, this research highlights the gaps in India’s forensic infrastructure, including outdated technology, insufficient funding, and a lack of standardised procedures. Additionally, the paper explores the importance of public awareness and institutional support in realising the full potential of forensic science, along with training programs, international collaboration, and the development of clear ethical and legal standards to ensure that forensic evidence is both reliable and admissible.
