Abstract

This research critically examines the effectiveness and challenges of juvenile justice laws and policies, with a specific focus on their application within India. The study delves into the legal framework governing juvenile justice, particularly the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, which introduced significant changes, including allowing juveniles aged 16-18 to be tried as adults for heinous crimes. The research evaluates the rationale behind this amendment, its implications for juvenile rehabilitation, and the broader societal impact. Through an analysis of legal provisions, case laws, and statistical data, the dissertation assesses the effectiveness of existing juvenile justice mechanisms in ensuring both the protection of children and the deterrence of juvenile delinquency. It explores the role of Juvenile Justice Boards, Child Welfare Committees, and special homes in providing rehabilitative and corrective measures for young offenders. Additionally, the study addresses key challenges in the implementation of juvenile justice policies, including procedural delays, lack of adequate infrastructure, and inconsistencies in judicial decisions. The research also considers international perspectives, drawing comparisons between India's juvenile justice system and those of other jurisdictions, particularly in relation to rehabilitation-oriented approaches versus punitive measures. It highlights the influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on juvenile delinquency and the effectiveness of existing intervention programs. Findings suggest that while the Juvenile Justice Act provides a structured framework, there are significant gaps in its execution, particularly in balancing the interests of juvenile offenders and victims. The study recommends reforms such as strengthening rehabilitation programs, ensuring swift legal proceedings, enhancing police and judicial training, and improving the coordination between government agencies and non-governmental organizations working in child welfare.

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