Abstract

Salt production in Gujarat, India, is a significant industry, contributing about 70% of the nation's salt supply. The industry is labor-intensive, employing a large unorganized workforce, mainly from the Koli and Chuvaliya tribes, known as "agariyas". These workers migrate to areas like “the Little Rann of Kutch” for about eight months annually with their families to extract salt from subsoil brine. The process involves digging wells and transferring brine to evaporation ponds, a method unchanged for years. Agariyas face numerous hardships, including “a lack of basic amenities like health facilities, clean water, and education”, coupled with extreme working conditions. Exposure to the sun and salt leads to health issues such as blindness and skin diseases. Despite their crucial role, saltpan workers receive a small fraction of the salt's market price, with the majority going to traders and other intermediaries. Children often start working in the salt pans around age 10, foregoing education and perpetuating a cycle of poverty. There have been efforts to improve their conditions through welfare measures and organizations like the Agariya Heet Rakshak Manch, but challenges remain in improving wages and market access.

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