A Critical Analysis of Evolving Standards of Forensic Evidence Admissibility under Indian Criminal Law

Forensic science has become an important part of the criminal justice system that is used to establish facts scientifically and accurately. This paper seeks to highlight the current evolving standards concerning the admissibility of forensic evidence under the Indian criminal law, taking into consideration the comparative scenario of the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Indian courts have shown steadily increasing reliance on forensic evidence, including DNA profiling and electronic evidence. The absence of any codified admissibility standards has resulted in inconsistency in rulings, over-reliance on the discretion of the judicial officers and lapses in procedure. Through the study of statutory provisions and case laws as well as an assessment of the recent reforms under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the author notes several systemic failures, like rectification of weak structural, non-accreditation and the non-training of judges and investigators, etc. By contrasting the U.S., India must employ a more systematic approach, ensuring scientific reliability and constitutional safeguards that are similar to the Daubert standard and the U.K.'s regulatory framework. The admissibility criteria for forensic evidence should be codified. Forensic laboratories should be strengthened. A national regulatory authority should be set up. Training should be enhanced across the justice system. These reforms are critical to changing the status of forensic evidence from corroborative to a reliable tool for the just and efficient delivery of justice.