Abstract

Every person has a fundamental right to live in a clean environment, but this right is getting worse every day because of the growing global climate issue, which is becoming a major problem in the 21st century. This study analyses two different ways of handling climate change: the European Green Deal, which is a plan to cut carbon emissions, eliminate pollution, protect nature, and use resources efficiently to become climate neutral by 2050. India, however, is a developing nation that balances environmental sustainability with rapid economic expansion, so its plan is founded on fairness and climate justice, along with the idea of Common but differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities, as it aims to achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070. This paper offers a detailed comparison of the European Green Deal and India's climate policies in terms of global climate justice and asks if the European Union's climate model, which is based on strong regulations and market systems, can be a fair model for developing countries, and how India's focus on fairness and development rights changes discussions about differentiated responsibilities. The research shows both similarities and differences: while the EU is working hard to reduce carbon emissions, its carbon border adjustment mechanism raises concerns about green protectionism, while India's policies reveal significant challenges in finance, technology transfer, and balancing growth with sustainability. By examining both strategies using, the framework of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The paper argues that it is essential to learn from each other. The European union could better include justice and fairness in its climate management, while India could gain knowledge from reliable institutions and innovative financial solutions. In conclusion, a just global climate system requires addressing the gap between developed and developing countries through fairness, cooperation, and shared yet distinct goals.

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