Towards a Just Climate: Navigating Complexities and Challenges in Climate Change Discourse and Action

Climate change stands to be the most pressing problem that humanity as a collective species is currently facing. Unrestrained carbon emissions, and the rise of greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere have resulted in an ever-increasing global warming. This has resulted in the destruction of natural habitats for animals, hampered the aquatic life and has also resulted in the increase of the mean sea level. This research paper delves deep in discussing the impact of such raging climate change. It also sheds light on some restrictive mechanisms adopted by nations in various conventions like The Stockholm Convention, The Geneva Convention, and further looks in to the Rio Declaration and the Kyoto Protocol. This paper also deals with the most burning issue of climate migrants, which is a phenomenon that makes people leave their indigenous lands and migrate to elsewhere owing to the severe climate change that has made living in those areas impossible. This paper discusses mechanisms like Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Just Transition, which provides with a fighting chance against the climate change. This paper further discusses about Climate Justice as it tries to study climate litigation through the lens of various landmark judgments like the Inuit Petition, Kivalina Case, Juliana Case, Dejusticia Case, and the Minors Oposa Case. The paper before concluding goes into understanding the state of climate litigation in India and Pakistan. It tries to unravel the various governmental policies and judicial decisions that have shaped climate justice in those regions beyond rhetoric.