Abstract

Terrorism, a criminal act committed with the intent to cause death, serious bodily injury, or taking hostages, has evolved over time and has become a global security issue. Cross-border terrorism, involving two or more states, has played a significant role in the rise of terrorism across international regimes. India, the world's 7th largest country, shares land borders with nine countries, including Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. The Indo-Bangladesh Border, India's longest land border, is problematic due to issues related to illegal immigrants, smuggling, and fake currency. The Indo-China border, India's second largest land border, is also a major cause of terrorism. Pakistan supports terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad, while the Indo-Nepal border faces threats from Naxalites and terrorist organizations. India has enacted specific legislation to address terrorism threats, such as the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA), Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act, 2002 (POTA), and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA).

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