India adopted a federal structure with the democratic constitution of 1950, seeking to balance unity with regional autonomy. However, Indian federalism has witnessed significant evolution since Independence owing to political, economic and social changes. Core issues like center-state relations, distribution of powers and resource allocation have transformed over time. This research aims to analyze the changing contours of Indian federalism by exploring the key factors that have reshaped center-state ties, centralization versus decentralization debates and the overall balance of power. It will examine constitutional provisions, institutional dynamics, political compulsions, economic liberalization and the emergence of regional parties that have impacted federalism. It will also evaluate the implications of these changes on governance, democracy and national integration.
