Abstract

This research paper examines key challenges to online privacy and Cyber Security in India. It analyzes the lack of meaningful consent obtained for widespread data collection practices. Personal data is often collected beyond the original consent and shared with third parties without user awareness. The paper also discusses frequent high profile data breaches exposing sensitive personal information. Government surveillance programs and the legal framework authorizing them are evaluated. Concerns over broad surveillance scope and lack of transparency are noted. Challenges from cybercrimes like phishing, ransomware, and malware are outlined. These attacks exploit human and technical vulnerabilities for financial gains. Existing regulations from the Information Technology Act, Reserve Bank of India, and other sectoral laws are summarized. Gaps in legal protections for privacy, Cyber Security and oversight are identified. Reform suggestions emphasize the need for comprehensive data protection and Cyber Security laws. International cooperation and public awareness campaigns are also warranted. In conclusion, the research evaluates India's progress in cyber policy but stresses the importance of effective implementation and resources. Stronger legal and regulatory frameworks are necessary to establish principles of privacy, security and oversight keeping pace in the digital age.

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