Legal and Ethical Perspectives on Euthanasia: A Comparative Study of India and Canada

This comparative study explores the legal and ethical perspectives on euthanasia in India and Canada. Euthanasia, also known as assisted dying, is a complex and controversial issue that raises questions about autonomy, dignity, suffering, and the role of healthcare professionals in end-of-life decision-making. In Canada, euthanasia is legal under certain circumstances, following the Supreme Court's decision in the Carter case in 2015. The Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) Act came into effect in 2016, which allows eligible patients to receive medical assistance in dying with the supervision of a medical practitioner. However, the law has strict criteria for eligibility, and there is ongoing debate about expanding its scope. In India, euthanasia is illegal under the Indian Penal Code. However, there have been several high-profile cases in recent years that have brought the issue to public attention, such as the Aruna Shanbaug case in 2011. The debate in India has focused on the right to die with dignity and the need for a legal framework that addresses end- of-life care and decision-making. This study compares the legal frameworks and ethical perspectives on euthanasia in both countries, examining the cultural and historical factors that shape attitudes towards end-of-life care. It explores the role of religion, family, and social values in shaping public opinion and policy and considers the impact of globalisation and changing demographics on the debate.