Abstract

India's swift economic expansion has resulted in a significant rise in energy demand, positioning it as the third-largest energy consumer worldwide. Nevertheless, a combination of financial, infrastructure, and regulatory limitations make guaranteeing a steady, reasonably priced, and sustainable energy supply an extremely difficult task. The whole country is mostly reliant on fossil resources, and integration problems still exist despite efforts to switch to renewable energy. India's energy landscape is examined in this study through an analysis of its energy mix composition, trends in consumption across important industries, and patterns of energy supply and demand. It also looks at government programs and policies meant to address issues of energy security and advance sustainability. Important issues like energy poverty, inefficient infrastructure, environmental issues, and power distribution companies' (DISCOMs') financial difficulties are also highlighted in the study. It also looks at how strategic energy collaborations, private sector participation, and foreign investments have shaped India's energy future. Finally, this study discusses the future outlook for India's energy sector, emphasizing policy reforms, technological advancements, and international collaborations as crucial drivers of transformation. Addressing these challenges through a holistic and integrated approach, which includes expanding green hydrogen initiatives, improving grid connectivity, and leveraging AI-driven energy solutions, will be pivotal in safeguarding India’s energy security and sustainability in coming decades.

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