Abstract

The Indian judiciary played a pivotal role in the struggle for independence. Lawyers and judges became leaders of the nationalist movement, advocating for civil rights and challenging oppressive laws. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 and the Government of India Act of 1935 further expanded the jurisdiction and powers of the high courts. Post-independence, the Indian Constitution of 1950 provided the framework for an independent and impartial judiciary. The Supreme Court of India, established as the apex court, became the guardian of fundamental rights and the final interpreter of the Constitution. Judicial activism, public interest litigation, and the concept of judicial review have since become significant aspects of the Indian judicial system. In recent years, efforts have been made to address the challenges of delay and backlog of cases through technology-driven initiatives like e-courts and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. The establishment of specialized tribunals to handle specific areas of law, such as the National Green Tribunal and the Intellectual Property Appellate Board, has further strengthened the system. In conclusion, the evolution of the Indian judicial system reflects a dynamic process of adaptation and growth, blending indigenous practices with external influences. From its ancient roots to the present day, the Indian judiciary has emerged as a vital institution for upholding justice, protecting rights, and ensuring the rule of law in a diverse and rapidly changing society.

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