Abstract

In the digital era, cybersecurity and data privacy have become critical components of global and national security frameworks. The increasing reliance on digital infrastructure for personal, professional, and governmental activities has heightened the importance of protecting sensitive information from cyber threats (Bhatia, 2019). Cybersecurity refers to the practices and technologies designed to protect networks, devices, and data from attack, damage, or unauthorized access (Von Solms & Van Niekerk, 2013). Data privacy, on the other hand, pertains to the proper handling, processing, storage, and usage of personal information to ensure individuals' privacy rights are respected (Solove, 2006). The significance of cybersecurity and data privacy cannot be overstated. Cyberattacks have the potential to disrupt essential services, compromise sensitive information, and cause significant financial and reputational damage to individuals and organizations (Srinivas, Das, & Kumar, 2019). High-profile cyber incidents, such as data breaches at major corporations and ransomware attacks on critical infrastructure, underscore the urgent need for robust cybersecurity measures. Data privacy is equally crucial as it safeguards individuals' personal information, which, if misused, can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and erosion of trust in digital services (Westin, 1967). This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of cybersecurity and data privacy laws, focusing on both Indian and international perspectives. It will explore the evolution of legal frameworks, examine notable cases, and compare the approaches taken by different jurisdictions. The paper will also highlight the challenges and emerging trends in the field, offering recommendations for strengthening cybersecurity and data privacy protections.

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