Abstract

This article examines the historical perspective of prostitution as a form of labour throughout various societies and time periods. This study examines the historical evolution of prostitution as a form of labor in the context of India. Prostitution, known as "devadasis" in ancient times, has a long and complex history in the Indian subcontinent. Prostitution, defined as the exchange of sexual services for money or goods, has been present in human societies for centuries. By exploring into the historical and cultural context, this paper aims to provide insights into the social, economic, and legal dimensions of prostitution as labor in India throughout different periods and shed light on the complex dynamics and social attitudes surrounding sex work. The study begins by delving into the ancient period, where evidence suggests the existence of sacred prostitution practices. It discusses the role of devadasis, who were temple dancers and courtesans, and analyzes their social status, economic conditions, and the cultural significance of their occupation. In these societies, prostitutes played distinct roles, ranging from religious rituals to fulfilling the sexual needs of the populace. This study analyzes the factors that influenced the acceptance or condemnation of prostitution within these cultural and historical contexts. Moving forward, the article examines the impact of religious and moral beliefs on the perception and treatment of sex workers, and the influence of foreign invasions and the Mughal Empire on the dynamics of prostitution in India. The intertwining of religious doctrines, socio-economic factors, and patriarchal power structures heavily influenced the legal and social treatment of prostitution. This paper explores the dichotomy between the vilification and simultaneous reliance on sex work in these periods. The article further delves into the colonial era, where the British East India Company and subsequent British colonial administration implemented policies to regulate prostitution. It explores the infamous "Contagious Diseases Acts" that targeted women engaged in prostitution and their impact on the lives of sex workers. This article also examines the intersecting dynamics of race, class, and gender, shedding light on the exploitation and marginalization of sex workers in these contexts. The article then addresses the post-independence period in India, examining the legal framework surrounding prostitution. It discusses the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act of 1956 and subsequent amendments, which aimed to eradicate prostitution. By examining the historical trajectory of prostitution as labor in India, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural, economic, and legal aspects associated with sex work. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies and interventions that prioritize the rights, dignity, and empowerment of sex workers in India.

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