Abstract

The issue of unilateral environmental measures in international trade is a significant and complex topic. As countries around the world grapple with environmental challenges, their approaches to addressing these issues vary widely. This diversity becomes particularly contentious in the context of international trade, especially when developed nations engage with developing or least developed countries. Often, in the course of establishing trade relations, developed countries have been known to enforce their environmental standards on their trading partners. These impositions are not always aligned with the multilateral frameworks of the World Trade Organization (WTO) or international environmental law agreements. Instead, they are based on the imposing nation's domestic laws, leading to perceptions of hidden protectionism by the affected countries. While these measures can be seen as overreaching, they also play a crucial role in curbing unchecked environmental degradation and resource exploitation. Therefore, it is vital to explore and understand the complexities and implications of these unilateral environmental actions in the realm of global trade.

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