Abstract

This paper examines the transformative impact of the Mediation Act, 2023, on dispute resolution in India. By institutionalizing mediation as a core alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism, the Act seeks to alleviate the country's overwhelming judicial backlog and promote a culture of amicable settlements. The analysis begins by tracing the historical evolution of mediation in India, from ancient traditions to its resurgence post-independence. It further explores the pre-legislative framework, including key laws such as the Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996, and highlights the judiciary's pivotal role in promoting mediation.The core provisions of the Mediation Act, including pre-litigation mediation, enforceability of mediated settlements, and the establishment of mediation councils, are critically evaluated. Challenges related to the Act, such as implementation barriers and infrastructure needs, are also discussed, along with concerns about balancing party autonomy and judicial oversight. The paper concludes by assessing the potential future of mediation in India, emphasizing the role of technology, such as online dispute resolution (ODR), and suggesting reforms to enhance the effectiveness of the Mediation Act. Ultimately, this research underscores mediation’s capacity to revolutionize India’s legal landscape by fostering faster, more collaborative dispute resolution processes.

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