Abstract

The exploration of Article 14 of the Indian Constitution offers a comprehensive analysis of its provisions and implications. Rooted in the historical evolution of principles like liberty and equality, Article 14 stands as a cornerstone of democratic governance. Its origins can be traced back to the Enlightenment era, where thinkers like Rousseau and Locke advocated for social contracts emphasizing equality among citizens. This foundational principle found expression in revolutionary movements such as the French and American Revolutions, laying the groundwork for modern constitutional law. Article 14's scope has expanded over time, encompassing substantive equality and protection against arbitrary state action. The principle of equality is not static but evolves in response to societal changes and legal interpretations. It discusses the historical context and evolution of the principles of liberty and equality, emphasizing their incorporation into various legal frameworks globally. The abstract also delves into the significance of the rule of law in ensuring fair and just governance, tracing its origins to ancient civilizations and highlighting its fundamental elements. Furthermore, it examines the interpretation and application of Article 14 by the judiciary, addressing key cases that have shaped its understanding over time. The abstract concludes by underscoring the dynamic nature of Article 14, which has expanded beyond its original scope to encompass broader principles of substantive equality and protection against arbitrary state action.

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