Abstract

This paper explores the complexities and evolving nature of the caste reservation system in India, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of social justice in contemporary society. Using an illustrative scenario of two sisters from the general caste, the paper delves into the implications of caste-based reservations, where one sister benefits from marrying into a backward caste, highlighting perceived injustices. The historical roots and socio-cultural underpinnings of the caste system are examined, referencing Hindu mythology and the Bhagavad Gita to understand its foundational concepts. The paper also reviews the landmark "Indra Sawhney vs. Union of India" case, summarizing the Supreme Court's judgments on the identification of backward classes and the criteria for reservations. Key observations from the Kerala State Commission for Backward Classes are analyzed to illustrate the criteria for social backwardness. The paper argues that the traditional criteria for backwardness, while relevant historically, may not fully address the current socio-economic realities faced by individuals from all castes, including those from the upper caste who now face similar hardships. It calls for a re-evaluation of the reservation policies to ensure they serve their intended purpose of promoting equality and social justice without discriminating against other sections of society. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of adapting laws to the modern socio-economic context to maintain fairness and equity in opportunities for all citizens.

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