The paper is an introduction to moral and political philosophy. This paper explores the classical and contemporary theories of justice and applies these theories to contemporary legal and political controversies. The paper talks about various topics inclusive of affirmative actions, income distribution, same-sex marriage, human rights and property rights. These topics include arguments for and against equality and dilemmas of morality in public and private life. This paper includes different approaches and comparative analysis from utilitarian to libertarian. The paper covers the differentiation between two moral reasonings one being consequentialist and the other being categorical, and how does this affect an individual’s decision making during a moral dilemma. This paper discusses the tools to persuade people and also states the way to sort out our moral convictions. This paper also states about Thorndike’s analysis that whether any want or amount of satisfaction which exists; exists in some amount and therefore measurable and the author has tried to answer several questions like whether we have certain fundamental rights? What is the work of consent? Where do the rights come from if not from some idea of the more significant welfare or utility or happiness? What is the moral work of consent? This paper explores whether Thorndike study supported Bentham’s idea of utilitarianism and how justice is the most sacred and binding part of morality.

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